Edsons Ridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Edsons Ridge - Essay Example The occupation of this location would give them the means to militarily attack United States. With the ridge in their control, they would be one step away from world dominion. From the moment the Allies descended on the ridge, it was a position that the Allies had to hold on to strategically maintain their balance of power. Turning back would mean heavy sacrifice in the war scenario that even in the closing period of the war could be disastrous due to the location of the ridge and the impact it could have on anyone who controlled the region. In the circumstances, it was necessary that the ridge remained in the control of the Allies. The failure of the Japanese to retake the ridge lay on the difficulties posed by the terrain and their miscalculation about the determination of the Allies to stay put. The region was topsy-turvy and dotted with jungles. The Allies, that is, the Americans had secured the area with 12,000 men while the Japanese reckoned they would have to contend with not more than a few thousand men. It was a bloody battle between the United States' forces and the Japanese men of war. The weapons of the battle were artillery as also bayonets. There were even hand-to-hand combats. The Japanese lost men in large numbers. Given the limited nature of maneuver and resource, the Japanese could not capitalize on the elements of time and surprise to overpower the enemy. The limited supply of artillery and means to travel meant that they had to depend more on strategy of surprise and intrigue to achieve their goals (Battle of Edson's (Bloody) Bridge). On 12 September 1944 Kawaguchi divided his forces, sending a thousand strong men to attack from the east of the mound, while his force struck from the west along the ridge that led to Henderson Airfield. An attack on the Japanese base at Taivu Point by Lieutenant-Colonel Edson at this juncture successfully destroyed most of the Japanese supplies. Information secured during this raid indicated a massive attack would be coming from the southwest of the perimeter along a ridge beside the Lunga River. The attack however was short-lived and failed to yield any ground as visualized by the Japanese. The Japanese coordination failed and it was not possible to have all the men in place for the fight. Further strategies to subjugate the U.S. forces met with resistance from well-entrenched positions and the Japanese were outflanked, outnumbered and gunned down with ruthless precision. Added to the miscalculations of the Japanese about the actual strength of the U.S. forces, the jungles made coordination and attack difficult to sustain. The movements of their men could not be synchronized and their attacking strategies lacked punch and depth. They lost men in large numbers and they did not get reinforcements to compensate their lost men. It was almost as if they expected the opponents to cave in to their attacks and when this did not happen they paid for it with their lives. Such tactics spell disaster. It is not advisable even in a state of war. However a battle is full of the elements of risk and intrigue. The Japanese pursued these elements with unequivocal zeal. The strategy of surprise and intrigue normally works if the opposition is less vigilant and less pro-active. The U.S. forces

Technology Management in Electronic Goods Company Essay

Technology Management in Electronic Goods Company - Essay Example We will consider the performance and demands of the products in the market in the light of the theoretical framework developed by Christensen. We will discuss the contribution of Christensen’s concepts in developing the strategy for avoiding the disruption in the market from the point of view of incumbent (Bower, 1995). We will also consider the prospects of Electra from the point of view of new emergent in the market as well as disruptors. Low-end disruption and high-end disruption scenarios will be discussed herein. Criterion or the basis for production and purchase is included. New market disruption will be highlighted in the later parts of the report. At the end, the strategies to maintain a sustained technological development in the market to avoid incurring of disruption will be described (Bower, 1995). 2. Theoretical Concepts: Christensen’s Contribution 2.1) Basic Concepts The theoretical framework of disruption in the market of existing technologies and products was laid by Clayton M. Christensen. He proposed the ideas of â€Å"Disruptive Innovation† which refers the products or values in the market that provide new dimensions or uses to customers (Bower, 1995). It focuses on providing something new in the market which is markedly different than the current products. The performance of the new products may or may not be superior to the existing technology but these items are supporting the desires of the people who are purchasing them. The term of â€Å"disruption† is often used in the realm of business which defines the phenomenon of tremendous improvement in the current technology that the existing technology couldn’t predict or anticipate (Archibugi, 1997). The innovation in the market can be introduced either by targeting a new set of consumers or lowering the prices of the existing products by lowering their performance from the current standards but keeping them above the expectations of consumers (Adner, 2002). Disruptive technology is markedly different from sustainable innovation. The latter refers to the sane series of products in the market with superior performance (Chandy, 2000). The applications could be increased with superior output. However, the dimensions of the products are kept the same. In disruptive technology, the marketers try an entirely new type of product that has no prior link to the existing technology. The new technology targets a set of consumers. The consumers may lie at lo-end or high-end of quality expectations. Their demand sets the basis for disruption of the existing products. If the new products meet the requirements of the consumers at lower performance and cost, then disruption is certainly set in (Charitou, 2012). 2.2) Intersecting Performance Projector of Sustainable Technology and Disruptive Technology The hypothesis proposed by Christensen declares the firms and companies to be climbers in performance measures. They need to upgrade their standards with time to keep up with the market requirements. The continuous rise in performance marks the existence of the company in the market. If improvement in the performance is not achieved, then it would reduce the business considerably. Christensen’s concept of the company states that the firm holds its existing â€Å"value networks† that doesn’t emphasize much on innovations in the market (Christensen, 1998). The hypothesis of Christensen focused on strategies to avoid the technological disruption in the market.

Husky Injection Molding Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Husky Injection Molding Systems - Case Study Example Faced with such situations, it is proposed that Husky needs to develop strategic plans that are appropriate, which when effectively implemented are likely to lead to realization of the company’s goals. The report looks at the problem facing Husky by carrying out in-depth analysis of the industry, before providing recommendations and action plan for the recommendations. The concentration and preference for the recommendations is motivated largely by the internal and external environment Husky operate in, resources the company has, and the exhibited market potential and future sustainability of the company. Therefore, the recommendations are perceived to fit well with Husky’s strategic growth needs - expansion, profitability, and continuity. Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd Background In 1953, Robert Schad established Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd (Husky para.1). Since its creation, Husky Injection has established itself as one of the cherished and celebrated bra nds in the supply of injection molding equipment and services to the plastic industry. The company owns one of the broadest product lines in the industry, and the company’s products are used by clients in manufacture of a range of plastic products that include bottles and caps for different beverages, food containers, components for automotives, and consumer electronic parts (Husky para.2). At the same time, the company takes part in manufacture of hot runners, robots, and other secondary systems used in plastic manufacture. Since its establishment in 1953, all the way to early 1990s, Husky experienced accelerated growth that was accompanied by increased profits before the fortunes shrunk in early 1996. Starting in 1996, Husky became victim of slowed growth and reduced profits as competition in the industry became inevitable, specifically from low-price competitors. Also contributing to Husky’s dwindle was the increasing shortage of resins that constitutes raw material s for plastics, which led to plummeting in machine demand. The severity of these incidences could not be wished away or ignored; rather, it called for decisive actions by the company. In such scenarios, the company is forced to develop winning strategies if it has to survive and continue into the future. Faced with availability of numerous options in terms of strategies, the best alternative option becomes a problem and this calls for the company to have thorough understanding of both the internal and external environments in which it operates. Problem Statement Husky Injection is a kind of company that has grown and realized satisfied performance due to presence of a formidable internal leadership culture that Robert Schad created in the company. Customer-centered values, hard work, environmental consciousness, egalitarianism, perfectionism and good health constitute the main categories the company has prioritized its values. Robert Schad owns majority of shares in the company (60% ), a situation that makes it possible to arrive at key decisions affecting the company. Coupled with vast experience of many years, Schad remains the pivotal and fulcrum of the company as far as strategic planning take-off is concerned. Apart from possessing a strong internal management culture, Husky prides itself in possessing core values that place the company above others. Research and development (R&D) remains the bedrock of the company’

The impact to the London from the preparative for Olympic Gme in Essay

The impact to the London from the preparative for Olympic Gme in London 2012 - Essay Example There are several parameters which will come across direct impact of the 2012 London Olympics. The impacts of preparation of London Olympics are described as follows: The London Olympics and Paralympics 2012 will use both the existing facilities as well as the latest new architectural wonders such as 'Olympic park' and 'Olympic stadium' (Construct UK, 2005). The whole process is developed keeping in mind that no 'white elephants' are created while carrying out 2012 Olympics projects. This is also called as '2012 legacy'. The Olympic park(Newman, P. 2007) is being developed on a wasteland near Stratford, which is claimed to be the biggest engineering and construction project in Europe. Significant cleaning up of the 2.5 sq. km contaminated land is already in progress. After the Olympiad is over , the Olympic park will be transformed into an urban park which will be the largest in Europe. The other venues such as aquatics centre, hockey centre and the multi sports arena will lead to the overall development of sports infrastructure in UK. Some of the sports facilities like ExCeL in Newham (which will host Weightlifting, Boxing, Judo, Wrestling, Tae Kwondo and Table Tennis competitions), O2 in Greenwich (Gymnastics); Greenwich Arena (will host Badminton and Rhythmic Gymnastics), Horse Guards' Parade (Beach Volleyball) and Wimbledon (Tennis) already exists and need only some renovation. While developing the new venues and infrastructure it was necessary to purchase and demolish some business and private sites and properties. This has led to some controversy as the proprietors complained of inadequate compensation. Thus the overall infrastructure development taken place is really beneficial in the long run for the development of UK Impact on transport: The need to get the entire Olympic family as well as the spectators safely and on time to the venue has led to the proposal of improvement in the existing transport system. The main aim is to complete the games related transport improvement work well before 2012 so that people can enjoy the benefits before, during and after the Olympics. The Lower Lea Valley will be transformed into one of the best connected areas in the capital, in accordance with the transport improvement plans, thus bringing economic and social benefits. East London will see long term benefits as a result of this. Rail lines, stations and platforms are being upgraded which will serve the public interest in the long run even after the games are over. The London Underground's East London Line is being expanded; the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line are being upgraded. The new "Javelin" high-speed rail service, using Hitachi 'bullet' trains is being introduced for the fastest surface transit. Buses: The 'iBus' with automated vehicle control systems and a comprehensive communication system will be introduced by end 2008. These buses are particularly helpful to aged, disabled and foreign tourists who have language problems as these are equipped with audio visual systems for information on upcoming bus stop, live information on board the buses. River transport: The inland

Womens Day Essay Example for Free

Womens Day Essay Have you ever given a thought that why is the International Women Day Celebrated for? No? No problem. Carry on reading as it’s going to get interested ahead. Do you know when the first International Women Day came into existence? Just 101 years before. You must be thinking why is that? So listen the women did not had the same right as nowadays. They were majorly being a victim of violence, they were the main victim of poverty and lack of education, and they had no rights at all, not even a right to vote can you imagine that? The women were considered as a minority in every aspect of life than men. Don’t you think that was wrong? You’re 100% correct. These thoughts became the main reason for Women to fight for their rights when they worked as team to battle for their journey towards equality between both genders. Where did I go on International Women Day? 8th March is the official date to celebrate this interesting day all around different nations so how come you can even imagine me sitting home and watching t.v. As a young Women myself I attended an inspiring seminar on 8th March 2013 (International Women’s Day) at Olswang, London. The building was really a beautiful piece of art though they didn’t allow us to take a photo inside (Bad luck). We were given an ID badge as security purposes and we followed staff towards the meeting room with seated brilliant and successful women who looked superb as well and not to forget few men were seated there as well. Until now you may be thinking now it’s going to be boring right? Not really! What was exciting about the day? It wasn’t really a meeting or a lecture. We started with a mouth-watering variety of snacks and drinks and sat on our assigned seats with other college and school students. To give a side kick to the formality among the group members they assigned each table with a challenge of building the highest tower with the marshmallows and the bamboo sticks. My team mates started with bursting energy by pouring drink on the table. We didn’t won but had fun in it. The Guest speakers that came there were all very talented and they shared their golden experience of life and the hard works that they went though to become successful but the good thing is that they all were very happy and satisfied in their lives. They all belong to different fields i.e. police, doctor, media, recruitment sector, banking and much more. There words and the way they presented it was very motivational and it gave me a power to go beyond the limits, touch the sky and make the best of both world. That’s how this beautiful day ended up with some open chat with each other on a cuppa and cookies. We also got goodie bags specially selected for Women. Always Remember in Mind: There isn’t any minority or majority as in gender if you don’t agree then sorry to say but you need to fix those lose screws pal. There isn’t anything that the Women can’t do. You just have to learn to find your inner potential and need to trust in yourself because you are the world for yourself.

Criminal Liability and GBH Problem Question

Criminal Liability and GBH Problem Question From a brief review of the facts it seems that Aisling may be charged for criminal liability under non-fatal offences against the following; Charles, Bernadette Dan. However, Aisling must realize that the prosecution would have to prove each and every element of the beyond reasonable doubt, Woolmington v DPP[1]; which is a very high standard to achieve. S.39 of the Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 1988[2] defines common assault battery as summary offences, and consequently a person proven guilty of either is liable to a fine and/or imprisonment for not more than 6 months. The prosecution, will likely assert that Aislings words constituted an assault to Charles. For such a charge to carry any liability, the prosecution will have to prove that Aislings intentional words caused Charles to apprehend impending unlawful force. The House of Lords (HOL) made it clear in Ireland [3], that words can on their own constitute an assault; as per Lord Stern. Moreover, Aisling cannot take up the defense , that she did not intend to threat Charles, but rather just wanted Charles to leave; consequently, her act of saying the words is enough evidence for a charge of assault, Logdon v DPP [4]. However, in this case, the whole conviction rests on the fact that did the victim apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence? because if Charles did not feel threatened at any moment during his conversation with Aisling, then such a conviction may not stand against the defendant. The court cleared that in situations where an assault to person is not possible, words alone could not suffice to carry any liability; Tuberville v Savage [5]. Conversely, it is necessary to understand that for a charge of assault, it is essential to prove that the victim had an appreciation of imminent harm from the defendant; it is not enough to show that as the result of the defendants actions the victim developed fear that they might be harmed on some time later in the future. Thus, it seems unlikely that such a charge would carry any liability under s.39 CJA 1988. Lastly, the prosecution must prove that Aisling either intended or was reckless to the fact that her words could apprehend imminent unlaw ful violence to Charles; Venna (COA)[6] affirmed by HOL in Savage and Parmenter [7]. This seems quite self-evident given the fact, that she intended to use those words so that Charles would leave the birthday party. As for Aislings criminal liability towards Bernadette; she may be charged on two accounts; firstly, the injury to the foot, sustained by Bernadette; Aisling may be charged under s.20 OAPA for maliciously wounding or inflicting GBH. For such a charge the prosecution must prove that the defendants actions or omissions, wounded the victim; and as per the decision in C (a minor) v. Eisenhower[8], wounding entails à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a break in the continuity of both layers of the skin. Both the dermis and epidermis must be broken. However, it is noteworthy to mention that generally, minor wounds are charged under s.47 OAPA, but considering the evidence that Bernadette lost a lot of blood and required ten stiches, it is fair to assume that this criminal charge will fall under s. 20 OAPA. As far as the Mens rea is concerned, the prosecution must establish that Aisling either intended or was reckless to the fact of causing the injury/ies. Lord Diplock in Mowatt[9] made clear the correct interp retation of maliciously; and later affirmed by the HOL in Savage Parmenter[10]; that it does not matter whether the accused foresaw that their unlawful act could not cause harm to such a gravity, i.e. serious harm. All that was essential was that the accused anticipated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦some physical harm to some person, albeit of a minor characterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And from the facts, it is palpable that Aisling noticed the broken glass and the danger it may cause to the guests who were about to play blindfolded, but neglected the danger which she created, anyways. Such recklessness is covered by the test laid down by Lord Diplock. And, in Caldwell[11] Lord Ackner affirmed that the prosecution must prove the defendants intention or foresight, of his actions causing harm. Aisling second charge will be for the punch, which although was meant for Dan but landed on Bernadette; s.47 OAPA Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (ABH) provides for imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years. The prosecution must firstly, establish that there was a common assault, both assault and battery; DPP v. Little[12]; and this assault or battery resulted in occasioning ABH to the victim. Here, Aisling tried to punch Dan, but he ducked and the punch was received by Bernadette, which is battery; the actual unlawful force towards the victim, without their consent, Fagan v MPC[13]. The prosecution must establish that there was an application of force; Collins v Wilcock[14]; Goff LJ stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that every persons body is inviolateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Any touching of another person, however slight may amount to a battery. ABH is defined in Miller[15], as including any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim. The 1994 Charging Standards guidelines provides a scale to determine ABH [16]. Secondly, the persecution must establish causation; that the application of force, occasioned the bodily harmed suffered by the victim. The test to establish legal causation would require the prosecution to prove that Aislings actions; i.e. punching, was the operating substantial cause of the suffering to Bernadette; Pagett Cheshire[17]; which is evidenced by the fact of the eye bruising and discomfort which lasted for 3 days. However, it must be noted that Aislings defense cannot rely on the fact that Aisling never had the necessary mens rea of punching Bernadette, as the doctrine of transferred malice will come into play and effectively transfer the mens rea of the offence from Dan to Bernadette; Latimer[18] where the defendant was held liable for injuries to a third party bystander, when the accused tried to hit the original victim but missed had hit another third party bystander. Aisling intentionally hit Dan with a vase on the head, because of the remarks he passed on her; thereby causing head injuries which caused Dan to suffer a coma for several weeks. The prosecution will push for a conviction under s.18 OAPA GBH with intent. They will, first have to prove that Aisling inflicted or caused the injuries to Dan; Wilson[19], thus it must be proved that was the defendants actions were the operating substantial cause for the injuries sustained by the victim; Cheshire[20]. Secondly, the prosecution will have to establish that the harm suffered by Dan was really serious harm, as per the HOL in DPP v. Smith[21]. Thus, in Bollom [22], the COA held that the jury must consider the age, health and the entirety of the injuries; in deciding whether the injuries sustained were grievous or not. The 1994 Charging Standards provides guidelines to determine GBH in injuries [23]. Lastly, the prosecution must establish Aislings necessary mens rea and must prove that she inte nded to cause serious harm/ GBH to Dan. As it is factually evident that she hit the vase with full force, at Dans head, it is presumable that she must have foreseen some really serious harm coming to Dan. But for a conviction under s.18 OAPA, specific intent to cause grievous bodily harm or to resist arrest is required and recklessness or foresight is not sufficient. Similarly, in Ismail[24]; the court found the defendant liable for GBH with intent, where he threw acid on the victims face, thereby causing injuries and blinding. Ultimately, it will be up to the jury to decide the question of intention guided by these principles, finding Aislings criminal liability towards Dan. (1301 Words) Bibliography Criminal Law: Text, Cases, and Materials By Jonathan Herring, 6th Edition. [1] Woolmington v DPP [1935] AC 462 [2] Section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 1988 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/33/section/39 [3] R v. Burstow, R v. Ireland [1997] UKHL 34 [1997] 4 All ER 225, [1997] 3 WLR 534, [1998] 1 Cr App R 177, [1997] Crim LR 810. [4] Logdon v DPP [1976] Crim LR 121 (DC). [5] Tuberville v Savage [1669] EWHC KB J25, (1669) 1 Mod Rep 3, 86 ER 684 [6] Venna (COA) [1975] 3 All ER 788 (CA). [7] Savage and Parmenter [1992] 1 AC 699, 736, per Lord Ackner. [8] C (a minor) v. Eisenhower [1984] QB 331 [9] R v. Mowatt [1968] 1QB 421 [10] Savage and Parmenter [1992] 1 AC 699, 736, [11] R v Caldwell [1982] AC 341 [12] DPP v. Little [1992] QB 645 [13] Fagan v MPC [1969] 1 QB 439 [14] Collins v Wilcock [1984] 3 All ER 374 [15] R v Miller [1954] 2 QB 282 [16] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦loss or breaking of teeth, temporary loss of sensory function, extensive or multiple bruising, broken nose, minor fractures or minor cuts requiring stitches. The 1994 Charging Standards http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/offences_against_the_person/#a03 [17] R v Pagett (1983) 76 Cr App R 279 R v Cheshire [1991] 3 ALL ER 670 [18] R v. Latimer (1886) 17 QBD 359 [19] R v. Wilson [1984] AC 242 [20] R v Cheshire [1991] 3 ALL ER 670. [21] DPP v. Smith [1961] AC 290 [22] R v. Bollom [2004] 2 Cr App R 6, [23] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦resulting in loss of sensory function, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ injuries with substantial loss of blood, injuries requiring lengthy treatment or incapacity, severe internal injuries and those resulting in significant disablement of the victim, whether temporary or permanent. The 1994 Charging Standards http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/l_to_o/offences_against_the_person/#a03 [24] R v Ismail (1991) 13 Cr App R (S) 395, CA

The Importance of Research on Animals :: Animal Research Science Experiments Essays

The Importance of Research on Animals Research on animals is important in understanding diseases and developing ways to prevent them. The polio vaccine, kidney transplants, and heart surgery techniques have all been developed with the help of animal research. Through increased efforts by the scientific community, effective treatments for diabetes, diphtheria, and other diseases have been developed with animal testing. Animal research has brought a dramatic progress into medicine. With the help of animal research, smallpox has been wiped out worldwide. Micro-surgery to reattach hearts, lungs, and other transplants are all possible because of animal research. Since the turn of the century, animal research has helped increase our life-span by nearly 28 years. And now, animal research is leading to dramatic progress against AIDS and Alzheimer's disease. Working with animals in research is necessary. Scientists need to test medical treatments for effectiveness and test new drugs for safety before beginning human testing. Small animals, usually rats, are used to determine the possible side effects of new drugs. After animal tests have proven the safety of new drugs, patients asked to participate in further studies can be assured that they may fare better, and will not do worse than if they were given standard treatment or no treatment. New surgical techniques first must be carefully developed and tested in living, breathing, whole organ systems with pulmonary and circulatory systems much like ours. The doctors who perform today's delicate cardiac, ear, eye, pulmonary and brain surgeries, as well as doctors in training, must develop the necessary skills before patients' lives are entrusted to their care. Neither computer models, cell cultures, nor artificial substances can simulate flesh, muscle, blood, and organs like the ones in live animals. There is no alternative to animal research. Living systems are complex. The nervous system, blood and brain chemistry, and gland secretions are all interrelated. It is impossible to explore, explain or predict the course of many diseases or the effects of many treatments without observing and testing the entire living system. Cell and tissue cultures, often suggested as "alternatives" to using animals, have been used in medical research for many years. But these are only isolated tests. And isolated tests will yield only isolated results, which may bear little relation to a whole living system. Scientists do not yet know enough about living systems or diseases, nor does the technology exist, to replicate one on a computer. The information required to build a true computer model in the future will be based on data drawn from